记:vite3+vue3+axios前端项目跨域问题解决【前端和服务器nginx配置】
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前言:什么是跨域,网上一搜一大把,所以这里直接跳过,直入主题。
处理方式:不通过后端处理跨域,通过前端+服务器nginx处理。
1.前端涉及处理跨域的必要配置(开发环境、生产环境):vite3、vue3、axios
2.服务器涉及处理跨域的配置(生产环境):nginx【主要用到其配置文件nginx.conf】
3.配置开发环境【跟目录下分别创建:.env.development、.env.production】
.env.development内容如下:
VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API='/proxyCustomerApi-dev'.env.production内容如下:
VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API='/proxyCustomerApi-pro'tips: .env.development、.env.production中的常量命名须以"VITE_"开头,这里定义的常量为VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API,值分别为"/proxyCustomerApi-dev"、"/proxyCustomerApi-pro"用以区分开发环境和生产环境,值可自定义为"/+自己想定义的内容"
4.前端vite.config.js中添加如下代码(代码中有相关注释):
- import { defineConfig, loadEnv } from 'vite';
- import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue';
- import * as path from 'path';
- ... ...
- export default defineConfig((env) => {
- // 获取到当前开发模式(dev/pro)下对应的环境文件对象值
- const evnMap = loadEnv(env.mode, process.cwd());
- // console.log(`evnMap = ${JSON.stringify(evnMap)}`);
- return {
- ... ...
- server: {
- host: '0.0.0.0', // ip地址
- port: 8088, // 启动端口
- // 反向代理配置,注意rewrite写法,开始没看文档在这里踩了坑
- proxy: {
- // 本地开发环境通过代理实现跨域,生产环境使用 nginx 转发
- // 对应项目根目录 - [.env.development、.env.production]文件中的值
- [evnMap.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API]: {
- target: 'http://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005', // 请求报跨域错误的接口域名地址,真实请求地址
- changeOrigin: true, // 支持跨域
- rewrite: (path) =>
- path.replace(new RegExp('^' + evnMap.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API), ''), // 重写真实路径,替换/api
- bypass: (req, res, options) => {
- const proxyUrl = options.target + options.rewrite(req.url);
- console.log(`真实请求的完整地址proxyUrl: ${proxyUrl}`);
- },
- },
- },
- },
- };
- });
5.在自己封装好的axios js文件中修改下axios.create中的配置,代码如下:
- const http = axios.create({
- // baseURL: DOMAIN,
- // import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API 对应项目根目录 - [.env.development、.env.production]文件中的值
- baseURL: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API,
- timeout: 600000,
- ... ...
- });
- export default http;
6.在自己出现跨域报错的接口处修改成类似如下代码片段:
- export const chatHistoryRecordApi = {
- // 获取所有客服与用户对话列表
- getAllCustomerChatListPage: (params) => {
- return http({
- // import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API 对应项目根目录 - [.env.development、.env.production]文件中的值
- baseURL: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API,
- url: `/customer/allChatList`,
- method: 'get',
- params,
- });
- },
- // 查询指定对话的聊天历史记录
- queryCurrentChatHistory: (params) => {
- return http({
- // import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API 对应项目根目录 - [.env.development、.env.production]文件中的值
- baseURL: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API,
- url: `/customer/chatHistory`,
- method: 'get',
- params,
- });
- },
- };
至此前端跨域配置部分处理完成,可以调试开发环境【本地调试】了。
确保根目录下的package.json文件中存在scripts标签配置:
- {
- "name": "hrosass",
- "private": true,
- "version": "0.0.0",
- "type": "module",
- "scripts": {
- // dev、build系统会默认添加--mode production/development环境配置
- // "dev": "vite" =》"dev": "vite --mode development"
- // "build": "vite build" =》"build": "vite build --mode production"
- "dev": "vite",
- "build": "vite build",
- ... ...
- },
- "dependencies": {
- ... ...
- },
- "devDependencies": {
- ... ...
- },
- "main": "index.js",
- ... ...
- }
本地调试命令行中执行(我项目是用的yarn来运行):yarn run dev,发现接口可以请求拿到数据了。但在线上生产环境下还是会报错,如果只需要本地调试那到这里就完成了!!!
接下来处理生产环境(线上模式)下的跨域报错问题,由于刚刚前端的配置中已经加上了对生产环境的代理配置,其实也就是根目录下的这个文件【.env.production】。
7.本地连接上服务器,且服务器已配置好Nginx,找到Nginx的运行配置文件【nginx.conf】,内容大致如下(注意看注释):
- # For more information on configuration, see:
- # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
- # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
- user nginx;
- worker_processes auto;
- error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
- pid /run/nginx.pid;
- # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
- include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- types_hash_max_size 4096;
- client_max_body_size 20M;
- include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
- # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
- # for more information.
- include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
- map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
- default upgrade;
- '' close;
- }
- # 加载vue前端项目的server
- server {
- listen 3004; # 端口
- server_name localhost; # 域名
- location / {
- root /home/view/wallet/dist/; # 打包vue项目后的dist存放路径
- index index.html index.htm; # 加载入口html文件
- try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- root html;
- }
- }
- # Settings for a TLS enabled server.
- #
- # server {
- # listen 443 ssl http2;
- # listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
- # server_name _;
- # root /usr/share/nginx/html;
- #
- # ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
- # ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
- # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
- # ssl_session_timeout 10m;
- # ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
- # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
- #
- # # Load configuration files for the default server block.
- # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- #
- # error_page 404 /404.html;
- # location = /40x.html {
- # }
- #
- # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- # location = /50x.html {
- # }
- # }
- }
8.往server { location / { } }下边添加如下location反向代理配置(注意看注释):
- # /proxyCustomerApi-pro为前端 .env.production中的指定的值
- location /proxyCustomerApi-pro {
- # 解决跨域
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true' always;
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS' always;
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Authorization,Refreshtoken,DNT,X-Mx-ReqToken,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type' always;
- # 设置 options 请求处理
- if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
- add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 1728000 always;
- add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain; charset=utf-8' always;
- add_header 'Content-Length' 0 always;
- # 对于Options方式的请求返回200或其它码,表示接受跨域请求
- return 200;
- }
- # 设置反向代理 http://://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005不加/会拼上/proxyCustomerApi-pro 加/不会拼/proxyCustomerApi-pro 由于真实接口请求中没有/proxyCustomerApi-pro这段 这里不需要拼上 代理服务地址后应添加/ http://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005/
- proxy_pass http://://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005/; # 后端API地址 引起跨域报错的api请求地址
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
- proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
- proxy_http_version 1.1;
- proxy_connect_timeout 600;
- proxy_read_timeout 600;
- proxy_send_timeout 600;
- proxy_buffer_size 64k;
- proxy_buffers 4 64k;
- proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
- proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
- # 缓存时间,单位秒。这里设置的是6小时
- expires 21600s;
- # 收到304响应后,再次请求的时间间隔
- proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;
- }
9.配置后的nginx.conf完整内容如下:
- # For more information on configuration, see:
- # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
- # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
- user nginx;
- worker_processes auto;
- error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
- pid /run/nginx.pid;
- # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
- include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- types_hash_max_size 4096;
- client_max_body_size 20M;
- include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
- # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
- # for more information.
- include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
- map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
- default upgrade;
- '' close;
- }
- # 加载vue前端项目的server
- server {
- listen 3004; # 端口
- server_name localhost; # 域名
- location / {
- root /home/view/wallet/dist/; # 打包vue项目后的dist存放路径
- index index.html index.htm; # 加载入口html文件
- try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
- }
- # /proxyCustomerApi-pro为前端 .env.production中的指定的值
- location /proxyCustomerApi-pro {
- # 解决跨域
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true' always;
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS' always;
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Authorization,Refreshtoken,DNT,X-Mx-ReqToken,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type' always;
- # 设置 options 请求处理
- if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
- add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
- add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 1728000 always;
- add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain; charset=utf-8' always;
- add_header 'Content-Length' 0 always;
- # 对于Options方式的请求返回200或其它码,表示接受跨域请求
- return 200;
- }
- # 设置反向代理 http://://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005不加/会拼上/proxyCustomerApi-pro 加/不会拼/proxyCustomerApi-pro 由于真实接口请求中没有/proxyCustomerApi-pro这段 这里不需要拼上 代理服务地址后应添加/ http://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005/
- proxy_pass http://://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005/; # 后端API地址 引起跨域报错的api请求地址
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
- proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
- proxy_http_version 1.1;
- proxy_connect_timeout 600;
- proxy_read_timeout 600;
- proxy_send_timeout 600;
- proxy_buffer_size 64k;
- proxy_buffers 4 64k;
- proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
- proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
- # 缓存时间,单位秒。这里设置的是6小时
- expires 21600s;
- # 收到304响应后,再次请求的时间间隔
- proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;
- }
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- root html;
- }
- }
- # Settings for a TLS enabled server.
- #
- # server {
- # listen 443 ssl http2;
- # listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
- # server_name _;
- # root /usr/share/nginx/html;
- #
- # ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
- # ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
- # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
- # ssl_session_timeout 10m;
- # ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
- # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
- #
- # # Load configuration files for the default server block.
- # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
- #
- # error_page 404 /404.html;
- # location = /40x.html {
- # }
- #
- # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- # location = /50x.html {
- # }
- # }
- }
10.执行nginx命令【sudo service nginx reload】使配置生效,至此线上生产环境跨域配置完成。
调试线上跨域问题是否解决,前端项目执行:yarn run build打包线上版本生成dist文件夹并上传到服务器,刷新线上网址发现接口可以请求拿到数据了。
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